SURGICAL CHALLENGES ASSOCIATED WITH OBESITY: ANALYSIS OF COMPLICATIONS IN ORTHOPEDIC AND GYNECOLOGICAL PROCEDURES IN FD IN 2023

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Obesity, defined as an excessive accumulation of body fat with a risk to health, has become a global epidemic, with prevalence more than tripling since 1975. It is estimated that, in 2023, about 650 million people in the world will be living with the condition (World Health Organization, 2023). In addition to direct health impacts such as cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension, obesity is a major risk factor for surgical complications. Obese patients are likely to face an increased risk of intraoperative and postoperative complications, especially in areas such as orthopedics and gynecology, where the characteristics of the disease can complicate procedures and worsen outcomes.