DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF MYCOPLASMA PNEUMONIAE INFECTION: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW

Abstract

Objective: The general objective of the present study is to analyze the scientific production on Mycoplasma pneumoniae and its relationship with atypical bacterial pneumonia, seeking to identify the main complications and diagnostic and therapeutic methods associated with this infection. Methodology: This is a systematic review focused on understanding infections caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae. The research was guided by the question: "What are the complications and treatment methods of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection based on the evidence available in the scientific literature?". To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using three descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND". This resulted in 123 articles. 20 articles were selected for analysis and 14 articles were used to compose the collection. Results: Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and presents with a range of clinical manifestations ranging from mild respiratory infections to severe complications, including extrapulmonary manifestations. The most frequent extrapulmonary complications include neurological, dermatological, and hematological complications. This review highlighted the importance of modern diagnostic methods, such as nucleic acid amplification (PCR), which allows for rapid and accurate detection of infection. In treatment, macrolides, especially azithromycin, are preferred because of their safety profile, especially in children. In addition, the use of corticosteroids and immunoglobulins has been explored in severe cases with extrapulmonary complications, although further studies are needed to validate these treatments. Conclusion: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection represents a significant clinical challenge due to its wide range of manifestations and the need for effective diagnostic and therapeutic methods. The review emphasizes the importance of rapid and accurate diagnostic approaches, as well as the need for therapeutic strategies that can address both respiratory infections and extrapulmonary complications. More research is needed to improve the understanding of associated complications and develop innovative therapeutic interventions.