ANATOMICAL VARIATIONS OF THE LUMBAR SPINE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv17n59-036Keywords:
Lumbar Spine, Anatomical Variations, VertebraeAbstract
The lumbar spine plays a crucial role in trunk support and mobility, yet it is frequently affected by anatomical variations that influence biomechanics and clinical practice. This study, conducted through an exploratory literature review using databases such as LILACS, MEDLINE, SCIELO, and PUBMED, aimed to identify and describe the main anatomical variations of this region. Twenty articles published up to March 2026 were analyzed, complemented by direct anatomical observations. The findings highlighted three major categories of alterations: lumbosacral transitional vertebrae (LSTV), lumbar ribs, and morphological variations of spinous and transverse processes. LSTVs showed significant prevalence, particularly in L5 sacralization, with direct impact on segmental mobility and frequent association with low back pain. Lumbar ribs, although rare, emphasize the complexity of embryological development and pose risks in surgical procedures and radiological interpretation. Morphological variations, in turn, revealed high incidence of asymmetries, affecting practices such as chiropractic care and diagnostic imaging. Gender-related differences were also noted, with men generally presenting larger vertebral dimensions. Clinically, these variations may lead to diagnostic errors and increase the risk of incorrect surgical interventions. The study concludes that recognizing such anatomical differences is essential to ensure diagnostic accuracy and patient safety. Technological advances, particularly artificial intelligence applied to radiology, represent promising tools to improve detection and reduce human error. Thus, understanding and identifying lumbar spine variations not only strengthen medical practice but also expand scientific knowledge, contributing to safer and more effective approaches tailored to individual patient needs.
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