EFFECTS OF LONG COVID IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES DURING THE PANDEMIC: A NARRATIVE REVIEW
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv17n58-072Keywords:
COVID-19, Long COVID, Clinical Characteristics, Symptons, Studies Prevalence, Countries, Onset SymptomsAbstract
Objective: To evaluate the effects of long COVID in different countries, during the pandemic.
Methods: This is a narrative review conducted through an advanced search in the MEDLINE database, using descriptors identified in Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). The search was carried out on September 26, 2023.
Results: The study found 88 studies, of these 62.02% were conducted in Europe, 22.98% in America, 10.34% in Asia, and 4.59% in Africa. Fatigue, shortness of breath, headaches, muscle pain, loss of taste, sore throat, and memory loss were the symptoms most prevalent among the patients. Additionally, the onset of the symptoms varied from four weeks to six months after the infection.
Conclusion: The evidence suggests that long COVID symptoms are heterogeneous, with a higher prevalence of physical symptoms, occurring between 4 weeks to 6 months after infection. Thus, new studies are needed to better understand this condition, which will be critical to developing effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies.
Downloads
References
Davis, H. E., McCorkell, L., Vogel, J. M., & Topol, E. J. (2023). Long COVID: Major findings, mechanisms and recommendations. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 21(3), 133–146. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41579-022-00846-2
World Health Organization. (2023). Post COVID-19 condition (Long COVID). Recuperado em 26 setembro, 2023, de https://www.who.int/europe/news-room/fact-sheets/item/post-covid-19-condition
Tsampasian, V., Elghazaly, H., Chattopadhyay, R., et al. (2023). Risk factors associated with post-COVID-19 condition: A systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Internal Medicine, 183(6), 566–580. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamainternmed.2023.0750
Mizrahi, B., Sudry, T., Flaks-Manov, N., et al. (2023). Long COVID outcomes at one year after mild SARS-CoV-2 infection: Nationwide cohort study. BMJ, 380, e072529. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj-2022-072529
Thaweethai, T., Jolley, S. E., Karlson, E. W., et al. (2023). Development of a definition of postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection. JAMA, 329(22), 1934–1946. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2023.8823
World Health Organization. (2023). WHO Coronavirus (COVID-19) dashboard. Recuperado em 26 setembro, 2023, de https://covid19.who.int/
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Long COVID. Recuperado em 27 setembro, 2023, de https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/covid19/pulse/long-covid.htm
Gil, S., de Oliveira Júnior, G. N., Sarti, F. M., et al. (2023). Acute muscle mass loss predicts long-term fatigue, myalgia, and health care costs in COVID-19 survivors. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 24(1), 10–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2022.11.013
Oliveira, L. A., Lucchetta, R. C., Mendes, A. M., et al. (2023). Cost of illness in patients with COVID-19 admitted in three Brazilian public hospitals. Value in Health Regional Issues, 36, 34–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vhri.2023.02.004
Silva, C. A., de Vinci Kanda Kupa, L., Medeiros-Ribeiro, A. C., et al. (2023). Post-acute COVID-19 in three-dose vaccinated autoimmune rheumatic diseases patients: Frequency and pattern of this condition. Advances in Rheumatology, 63(1), 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-023-00309-z
O’Mahoney, L. L., Routen, A., Gillies, C., et al. (2022). The prevalence and long-term health effects of Long COVID among hospitalised and non-hospitalised populations: A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 55, 101762. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101762
Kelly, J. D., Curteis, T., Rawal, A., et al. (2023). SARS-CoV-2 post-acute sequelae in previously hospitalised patients: Systematic literature review and meta-analysis. European Respiratory Review, 32(169), 220254. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.02542022
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2023). Long COVID or post-COVID conditions. Recuperado em 27 outubro, 2023, de https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/long-term-effects/index.html
