THERAPEUTIC MANAGEMENT OF POXVIRUS IN POULTRY: SUPPORTIVE STRATEGIES AND CONTROL OF SECONDARY INFECTIONS

Abstract

Avian pox, caused by various viruses of the genus Avipoxvirus (APV), is a widespread disease that impacts more than 278 bird species, causing economic losses and ecological imbalance. The pathology manifests in cutaneous ("dry") and diphtheritic ("wet") forms, the latter being associated with higher mortality. Given the absence of a specific antiviral treatment, this narrative literature review aimed to consolidate contemporary scientific evidence on the therapeutic management of Poxvirus in birds. Data retrieval was performed in PubMed using descriptors such as "Poxviruses in birds", "Avipoxvirus", "Diagnosis", and "Therapy". The results indicate that therapeutic management focuses on supportive strategies, rigorous biosecurity, and preventive control of bacterial and fungal co-infections. The disease is diagnosed by the presence of Bollinger bodies (intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusions) or by PCR (detection of the P4b protein). Supportive treatment includes disinfection of lesions with 50% iodine tincture, use of vitamins and electrolytes, as well as systemic and topical antibiotics (for 5 days) to prevent secondary infections (Salmonella spp., E. coli, etc.) and antifungals in more severe cases (Amphotericin B, Itraconazole). Control of mechanical vectors, such as mosquitoes, and constant molecular surveillance due to the emergence of new strains (e.g., Clade E in Brazil) are crucial, since attenuated vaccines have shown limited efficacy in recent outbreaks.