EFICÁCIA E SEGURANÇA DAS TERAPIAS INCRETÍNICAS INJETÁVEIS NO MANEJO DA OBESIDADE: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/levv17n60-028Palavras-chave:
Agonistas GLP-1, Tirzepatida, Semaglutida, Liraglutida, Perda de Peso, Obesidade, Revisão SistemáticaResumo
Objetivo: Sintetizar as evidências científicas atuais sobre a eficácia, segurança, e implicações clínicas de canetas injetoras pré-cheias contendo agonistas de receptores de peptídeo semelhante ao glucagon tipo 1 (GLP-1) e agonistas duplos (GLP-1/GIP) para o manejo do peso corporal. Métodos: Foi conduzida uma revisão sistemática da literatura, seguindo as diretrizes PRISMA-ScR, AHRQ e Cochrane. As buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, e ClinicalTrials.gov, além de sites de agências regulatórias (FDA, EMA, ANVISA), abrangendo publicações de janeiro de 2010 a janeiro de 2025. A qualidade dos artigos foi avaliada utilizando a escala SANRA. Resultados: Foram incluídas 31 referências de alta qualidade. Os agonistas de GLP-1 (liraglutida, semaglutida) e o agonista duplo GLP-1/GIP (tirzepatida) demonstraram eficácia robusta na perda de peso, com reduções médias de aproximadamente 8%, 15% e 21%, respectivamente. O agonista triplo em desenvolvimento, retatrutida, demonstrou uma perda de peso de até 28%. Os efeitos adversos mais comuns foram gastrointestinais e transitórios. Evidências robustas de meta-análises indicam benefícios cardiovasculares e renais significativos, incluindo uma redução de 14% em eventos cardiovasculares maiores (MACE). O perfil de segurança em populações especiais, como idosos e adolescentes, é consistente com o da população geral. Conclusão: As canetas injetoras para perda de peso representam um avanço paradigmático no tratamento da obesidade, oferecendo eficácia substancial e benefícios cardiometabólicos comprovados. Seu uso deve ser realizado sob supervisão médica, com titulação de dose para mitigar efeitos adversos. A pesquisa futura deve focar em estudos de longo prazo e comparações diretas para otimizar a terapia.
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