ANALYSIS OF ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL INDICATORS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF SUSTAINABILITY: A STUDY WITH COMPANIES IN THE ENERGY SECTOR LISTED ON B3

Abstract

The global demand for electricity is continuously growing. Therefore, the analysis of the companies involved becomes timely. This study investigates the impact of the disclosure of sustainability reports, with and without audit opinions, on the economic and financial performance of companies listed on B3 during the period from 2019 to 2023. Methodologically, the research has a descriptive approach, documentary procedure and quantitative nature. Its temporal dimension is longitudinal. The sample, composed of 77 companies selected probabilistically, was divided into: 47 companies that published reports with an audit opinion, 12 that disclosed without an opinion, and 18 that did not publish reports. Through the Kruskal-Wallis test, the results indicated that companies have similar performances in metrics such as current liquidity, dry liquidity, overall liquidity, net margin, and asset turnover. However, statistically significant differences were observed in the quick ratio, in the indebtedness ratios (grade and composition), as well as in the indicators of return on investments (ROI) and return on equity (ROE). This study contributes to the literature by providing insights into how the disclosure of sustainability reports can influence various aspects of the financial management of electric power companies.