EFECTOS NEUROMETABÓLICOS DE LOS AGONISTAS DEL GLP-1
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/ERR01v10n6-010Palabras clave:
Neurología, Cerebro, Resistencia a la Insulina, Metabolismo, SemaglutidaResumen
Los agonistas del GLP-1 son ampliamente conocidos por su uso en la obesidad, la pérdida de peso y la diabetes, debido a su mecanismo conocido de secreción de insulina en las células β pancreáticas y la regulación del apetito. Sin embargo, evidencia reciente apunta no solo a un beneficio metabólico en los tejidos periféricos, sino también a nivel del sistema nervioso central, con posibles usos para enfermedades neurodegenerativas como el Alzheimer y el Parkinson, así como para los trastornos por consumo de sustancias. Además de sus efectos sobre los núcleos de la saciedad en el tejido nervioso, los agonistas del GLP-1 también promueven factores neurotróficos, aumentan las vías inductoras de la memoria, reducen la neuroinflamación, modulan los sistemas dopaminérgicos, incrementan el control inhibitorio y disminuyen la acumulación de placas de α-sinucleína y β-amiloide. En esta revisión se analizan la evidencia in vitro, los modelos animales y los estudios clínicos. Actualmente se están llevando a cabo estudios clínicos para evaluar estos posibles beneficios. Por lo tanto, podemos concluir que la evidencia actual sugiere un enfoque terapéutico prometedor para las afecciones neurodegenerativas y neuropsiquiátricas, lo que amplía cada vez más el papel de los agonistas del GLP-1 en el campo médico.
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