Management and the main complications of gastroschisis: A systematic review

Abstract

Objective: This systematic review article aims to compile and analyze the evidence on complications and strategies for the management of gastroschisis, providing a comprehensive and up-to-date view to guide future research and clinical practice. Methodology: The systematic review used the PVO strategy to investigate the main surgical treatments for gastroschisis and its complications. Searches were carried out in the PubMed Central (PMC) and Virtual Health Library (VHL) databases with specific descriptors, resulting in 134 articles. After applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 14 articles were selected for analysis. Discussion: Immediate postnatal care is crucial to avoid complications such as fluid loss, hypothermia, and infections. Infants with gastroschisis should be treated in neonatal intensive care units. Initial measures include protection of the herniated viscera, regulation of body temperature, and gastric decompression. Results: Surgically, timely reduction of herniated viscera is essential to avoid severe abdominal syndromes. The choice between primary or delayed correction depends on the patient's conditions. An integrated and vigilant approach is vital to improve neonatal outcomes and reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with gastroschisis.