HIV stigmatization in relationships and forms of work: An integrative literature review

Abstract

The objective of this research was to analyze the stigmatization of HIV in relationships and forms of work. To this end, an integrative literature review was carried out, using databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and SciELO. The search terms were selected based on key concepts related to stigma, discrimination and rights of HIV-positive workers, using Boolean operators AND and OR. Only scientific articles published in Brazilian journals between 2019 and 2023, written in Portuguese and available for free, were included, followed by a data analysis categorized according to the emerging themes in the selected studies. As a result, it was possible to verify the stigma faced by HIV-positive workers in the workplace, emphasizing that many of them suffer discrimination during hiring processes and in the course of their work activities. This discrimination manifests itself through practices such as HIV testing requirements and differentiated treatment, contrary to existing legal protections that prohibit discrimination on the basis of health conditions. Persistent stigma around HIV in the workplace not only undermines the psychological and emotional well-being of HIV-positive workers, but also contributes to a less inclusive and productive work environment. Despite the existence of HIV stigmatization in relationships and forms of work, the studies analyzed emphasize that constitutional laws and judicial decisions have been fundamental in defending the rights of HIV-positive workers. Thus, the implementation of effective public policies and ongoing educational programs are essential to challenge these misperceptions, promote a culture of respect and inclusion, and ensure a fair and equitable work environment for all employees.