Management of femoral fractures and the main complications: a systematic review

Abstract

Objective: The general objective of the present study is to analyze the scientific literature on hip fractures in the elderly, seeking to identify the main risk factors, surgical treatment options and their complications, as well as long-term functional outcomes. Methodology: This is a systematic review focused on understanding the main aspects of the management of femoral neck fractures in the elderly. The research was guided by the question: "What is the best way to manage femoral neck fractures?". To find answers, searches were performed in the PubMed database using three descriptors combined with the Boolean term "AND". This resulted in 115 articles. 27 articles were selected for analysis and 19 articles used to compose the collection. The searches used were: (Femoral Neck Fractures) AND (Surgical Procedures, Operative) AND (Orthopedic Procedures); (Femoral Neck Fractures) AND (Postoperative Care); (Femoral Neck Fractures) AND (Intraoperative Complications). Results: Hemiarthroplasty and total hip arthroplasty (THA) are viable options, each with its advantages and disadvantages. Internal fixation with cannulated screws has a high complication rate, while the femoral neck fixation system shows promising results. The choice between cemented and uncemented prostheses continues to be debated. Conclusion: The choice of treatment should be individualized, considering factors such as age, comorbidities, and type of fracture. Early interventions are crucial to minimize complications and improve functional outcomes.