UM PANORAMA SOBRE O ESPECTRO ECONÔMICO DAS FOLHAS NA VEGETAÇÃO TROPICAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/ERR01v11n1-003Palavras-chave:
Filtros Ambientais, Atributos Funcionais, Nitrogênio, Fósforo, Área Foliar Específica, Revisão Sistemática, Florestas TropicaisResumo
O Espectro Econômico das Folhas (Leaf Economic Spectrum – LES) descreve as diferentes estratégias das folhas na captura e no uso de recursos, variando desde espécies de crescimento rápido, com folhas de curta duração, até aquelas que adotam uma abordagem mais conservadora, investindo em folhas duráveis e eficientes no uso de recursos. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é quantificar e investigar estudos sobre o Espectro Econômico das Folhas (LES) na vegetação tropical, analisando sua associação com atributos funcionais, a distribuição geográfica, os tipos de vegetação, os hábitos de vida das plantas e os principais fatores bióticos e abióticos que moldam essas características. O presente estudo realizou uma revisão sistemática em bases de dados indexadas (Web of Science, Scopus) nos últimos 20 anos (2004–2024). Foram identificadas 160 publicações. A produção de artigos que investigam propriedades funcionais das folhas e o espectro econômico das folhas nos trópicos, tema desta revisão sistemática, cresceu consideravelmente nos últimos oito anos. Identificou-se uma associação dominante de estudos publicados com a região Neotropical. Os atributos funcionais foliares mais comumente estudados no âmbito do LES (por exemplo, área foliar específica, concentração de nitrogênio foliar e capacidade fotossintética) mostraram-se associados à taxa de crescimento das plantas em nossa análise. A distribuição das pesquisas sobre o LES indica que os estudos em vegetação tropical apresentam maior esforço amostral em florestas tropicais e subtropicais secas e úmidas de folhas largas em comparação com outros tipos de vegetação. Apesar dos avanços, permanecem lacunas significativas de conhecimento, especialmente no que se refere a atributos fisiológicos e a grupos vegetais pouco estudados, como lianas, epífitas e briófitas. Pesquisas futuras devem priorizar uma gama mais ampla de formas de vida e atributos funcionais, integrando abordagens ecofisiológicas e biogeoquímicas para melhor prever as respostas da vegetação tropical às mudanças ambientais e apoiar estratégias mais eficazes de conservação e restauração.
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