RESILIENCIA URBANA EN EL CONTEXTO DE LAS CATÁSTROFES NATURALES: CONCEPTOS, PROTOCOLOS INTERNACIONALES Y REALIDAD BRASILEÑA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev7n8-151Palabras clave:
Resiliencia Urbana, Marco de Sendai, Marco de Resiliencia de las Ciudades, Legislación Brasileña, Desastres NaturalesResumen
Los efectos extremos del cambio climático, combinados con la creciente tasa de urbanización global, han incrementado la vulnerabilidad y los riesgos ante desastres naturales, lo que genera impactos económicos, sociales, culturales y ambientales. La búsqueda de resiliencia urbana es esencial para abordar estas vulnerabilidades, centrándose no solo en la respuesta a desastres, sino también en la prevención y la adaptación. El Marco de Sendai para la Reducción del Riesgo de Desastres 2015-2030 ofrece un marco internacional relevante con un enfoque preventivo y multisectorial, orientado a la gestión de riesgos, proponiendo directrices para que los gobiernos y las comunidades creen condiciones para que las ciudades estén mejor preparadas y se adapten a las adversidades. Como instrumento propositivo complementario, el Marco de Resiliencia de las Ciudades (CRF) propone una metodología para la formulación e implementación de estrategias y planes de resiliencia a nivel municipal, considerando diferentes tamaños y contextos. El objetivo de este artículo es analizar y sintetizar los principales conceptos, protocolos internacionales y legislación brasileña relacionados con la resiliencia urbana, con énfasis en la prevención y mitigación de desastres. Para ello, el artículo propone: (1) identificar los principios fundamentales del Marco de Sendai; (2) presentar y debatir los fundamentos del CRF; (3) revisar la legislación brasileña pertinente; y (4) realizar un análisis crítico de las deficiencias y los desafíos que enfrenta la implementación de estas políticas y directrices en Brasil.
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