LA FERTILIZACIÓN CON SILICIO Y SUS EFECTOS SOBRE LA FOTOSÍNTESIS Y LA PRODUCTIVIDAD DE LOS CULTIVARES DE ARROZ
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56238/arev8n5-137Palabras clave:
Balance de Carbono, Oryza sativa, Producción, Fertilización con SilicatosResumen
Oryza sativa (arroz) es uno de los cultivos más importantes del sector agrícola mundial. En los cultivares de arroz, el elemento mineral silicio (Si) ha sido objeto de investigación debido a sus efectos positivos en aspectos fisiológicos, moleculares y de productividad. En este sentido, el objetivo de este estudio fue verificar el potencial del Si en la productividad de cultivares de arroz con diferentes características morfofisiológicas. La metodología empleada consistió en evaluar tres cultivares de arroz: IRGA-409, IRGA-423 y EPAGRI-109, los cuales fueron sometidos a fertilización con o sin silicio, a una concentración de 2 mM, en forma de dióxido de silicio (SiO₂), bajo condiciones de cultivo de secano. Se evaluaron el intercambio gaseoso foliar, la fluorescencia de la clorofila a, el crecimiento y la productividad. El Si influyó en la uniformidad de la emergencia de la panícula y la maduración del grano en los cultivares de arroz. En cuanto a la masa seca de los órganos vegetativos (hojas, raíces y tallos), no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre las plantas con y sin Si en los diferentes cultivares. Sin embargo, en términos de productividad, se observó un incremento en el número y la biomasa de granos llenos en los diferentes cultivares tratados con Si. Estos aspectos se asociaron con un aumento en la tasa fotosintética, sin alterar, no obstante, los parámetros de fluorescencia de la clorofila a. Por lo tanto, el uso de Si en cultivares de arroz favorece una mayor productividad y puede constituir una alternativa viable para su aplicación en campo.
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